⚠️ Important: The "clock" doesn't always start on the date of the incident. In some cases — particularly medical malpractice and fraud — the clock may start when you discovered (or should have discovered) the harm. An attorney can help clarify your specific start date.
Understanding Statute of Limitations Deadlines
Missing a legal deadline can cost you everything — even if you have a strong case. Every legal claim has a statute of limitations, a strict deadline set by state law that limits how long you have to file a lawsuit. Once that window closes it closes forever, regardless of how valid your claim is.
Use our free Statute of Limitations Lookup tool to find your exact deadline by state and case type. We calculate the precise date your deadline expires so you know exactly how much time you have left to take action.
Why Statute of Limitations Deadlines Vary by State
Each state legislature sets its own deadlines for different types of legal claims. A car accident victim in Kentucky has just 1 year to file, while the same victim in Maine has 6 years. These differences reflect each state's policy choices about balancing victims' rights against defendants' need for finality.
When Does the Clock Start?
In most cases, the statute of limitations clock starts on the date the incident occurred. However there are important exceptions. In medical malpractice cases, the clock may start when you discovered — or reasonably should have discovered — the harm. In fraud cases, the clock often starts at discovery. Minors typically have additional time after reaching age 18.
What Happens If You Miss the Deadline?
If you file a lawsuit after the statute of limitations has expired, the defendant will almost certainly file a motion to dismiss — and courts will grant it. Your case will be thrown out regardless of its merits. This is why acting quickly is so important, even if you're not sure you want to pursue legal action.
Can the Deadline Be Extended?
In some limited circumstances, the statute of limitations can be "tolled" (paused or extended). Common tolling situations include: the victim is a minor, the defendant concealed the harm, the defendant left the state, or the victim was mentally incapacitated. An attorney can advise whether tolling applies to your situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What if I'm not sure when the incident happened?
Use your best estimate of the date. For calculating your deadline, even an approximate date gives you a useful timeframe. However for actually filing a claim, you'll want to work with an attorney to determine the precise start date for your specific situation.
Does filing a police report stop the clock?
No. Filing a police report does not pause the statute of limitations clock. Only filing an actual lawsuit in court stops the clock. You must file before the deadline expires — even if negotiations or settlements are ongoing.
What if the at-fault party is a government entity?
Claims against government agencies have much shorter deadlines — often just 6 months — and require special notice procedures before you can even file a lawsuit. If a government entity is involved, consult an attorney immediately.